For centuries, Aleinu has been recited three times daily and is an important part of Musaf on Rosh Hashana. Tracing the historical background of this tefila from the tragic destruction of the Jewish community in Blois in 1171 and its being targeted by the first official anti-Semite in 1703 adds a unique dimension to our understanding of this special tefila. Use of textuality in this context enhances our kavana, concentration, in our daily and holiday tefilot.